Biochemistry explores the chemical processes within living organisms, focusing on molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Genetics studies heredity and variation in organisms, while evolution explains how species change over time through genetic and environmental factors.

Anatomy studies the structure of living organisms, while physiology focuses on how these structures function and interact to maintain life.

Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment, while ethology focuses on animal behavior and its evolutionary significance within ecosystems.

Pathology examines the causes and effects of diseases, studying abnormal changes in cells, tissues, and organs to understand disease mechanisms.